calix[4]arene and its application for the recognition of biomolecules

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Research on molecular recognition of amino compounds, such as biogenic amines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and carbohydrate like essential substrates in biological processes, by synthetic receptors is an issue of great concern from both a supramolecular chemistry and analytical application point of view. Among naturally occurring amino acids tryptophan (L-Trp) is the most fluorescent, the indole ring of L-Trp have recently been the subject of much investigation due to the functional and structural prominence of such interactions in chemistry and biology. Recently, it was found that the reduced nutritional state of patients with chronic kidney disease could be attributed to the deficiency of histidine (L-His). L-His rich proteins are found to play many important roles in humans and their abnormal level could indicate a variety of diseases. Therefore, selective detection of L-His and L-Trp in biological fluids has become a significant objective and a number of methods have been developed for this purpose.

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